Short-term or temporary works in construction projects can sometimes give the impression that health and safety regulations can be bypassed. However, it is essential to understand that this is not the case. Temporary works are just as critical to safety as permanent structures.
What Are Temporary Works and How Do They Affect Health and Safety?
Temporary works refer to the short-term structures or systems put in place during the construction process to enable the building of permanent works. These structures support, protect, or provide access to elements of the construction site. Common examples of temporary works include scaffolding, excavation shoring, and falsework.
Temporary works are regulated by BS 5975:2019, the “Code of Practice for Temporary Works Procedures and the Permissible Stress Design of Falsework.” While some temporary works may eventually become part of the permanent structure, they are usually removed once no longer needed.
Categories of Temporary Works
Temporary works can vary significantly in complexity and risk. They are generally classified into three broad categories, which are outlined below:
1. Low-Risk Temporary Works
These are relatively simple, low-risk tasks, including:
• Standard scaffolds
• Formwork, hoarding, and fencing up to 1.2m high
• Simple propping with one or two props
• Shallow excavations (less than 1.2m)
2. Medium-Risk Temporary Works
These involve more complexity and a moderate level of risk, such as:
• Falsework and formwork, hoarding, and fencing up to 3m high
• More intricate propping systems with multiple props at a single level
• Excavations up to 3m deep
• Simple design scaffolding
3. High-Risk Temporary Works
These are typically more complex and carry higher risk, including:
• Falsework and formwork, hoarding, and fencing over 3m high
• Working platforms for cranes and piling rigs
• Tower crane bases
• Façade retention systems
• Complex propping systems with multiple levels of support
• Jacking systems
• Complex design scaffolding
The Dangers of Temporary Works
The dangers associated with temporary works are often clear, particularly in cases involving unsafe crane platforms or façade retention systems, which could result in catastrophic incidents. However, more subtle hazards also exist.
For example, something as seemingly minor as a missing toe board on scaffolding or a poorly secured site hoarding can lead to serious accidents. Often, it is the smaller components—considered low-risk and not always formally inspected—that contribute to accidents. A temporary handrail or a makeshift wooden step, used to address a change in floor level, may go unnoticed until it fails, potentially causing falls and injuries before anyone realizes the danger.
Why Are Temporary Works Sometimes Overlooked on Site?
Due to their temporary and transitory nature, as well as their role in supporting other activities, temporary works are often overlooked or assumed to be safe once they are in place. Many construction workers may walk past a site hoarding or scaffold without considering its safety, or fail to inspect external works properly before using them. These items, once installed, often blend into the site and are treated as if they are permanent and risk-free—until an incident occurs.
How Can We Better Manage Temporary Works?
Temporary works should be managed as carefully as all other aspects of a construction project. By implementing a systematic approach to planning, monitoring, and managing temporary works, the risk of accidents can be significantly reduced, ensuring the safety of everyone on-site.
Key Steps for Managing Temporary Works:
1. Planning
Some temporary works, particularly those with higher complexity or potential risk, require proper planning. This includes designed scaffolding, falsework, and formwork for concrete pouring, or shoring techniques such as sheet piling and waler beams.
2. Management
Every temporary work element, regardless of its perceived risk, should be recorded in a temporary works register. The register should include a description of the work, installation and removal dates, design references (if applicable), confirmation of design approval, and permit requirements. For larger projects with multiple temporary works items, appointing a Temporary Works Coordinator ensures better oversight.
3. Monitoring
Regular inspections are crucial to ensure the ongoing safety of temporary works. Given their transient nature, these elements should be checked frequently. The frequency and scope of inspections will depend on the complexity and potential risk of the temporary work. For example:
• Scaffolding should be inspected every seven days
• Falsework and formwork should have a permit-to-load system
• Excavations should be checked daily
By following these basic principles—planning, management, and monitoring—temporary works can be safely integrated into construction projects. Regular checks by a competent person, whether daily or weekly, can ensure that these works present no more risk than any other aspect of the project.
In conclusion, while temporary works are essential to construction, they must be carefully controlled and inspected to mitigate the risks they present. When managed properly, they are no more dangerous than the permanent works they help to construct.
Our Complisafe consultants are TWC qualified but we choose to provide advice on temporary works rather than fulfil this role.
